Java I/O (Input and Output) is used to process the input and produce the output. The Java I/O package (java.io), provides a set of input streams and a set of output streams used to read and write data to files or other input and output sources.
There are
important categories of classes in java.io:
input streams, and output streams.
All input streams inherit from InputStream - an abstract class
that defines the programming interface for all input streams. The InputStream class defines a
programming interface for reading bytes or arrays of bytes, marking locations
in the stream, skipping bytes of input, finding out the number of bytes that
are available for reading, and resetting the current position within the
stream. An input stream is automatically opened when you create it.
InputStream f = new
FileInputStream("E:/java/hello");
Following constructor takes a file object to create an input stream object to read the file. First we create a file object using File() method as follows −
File f = new
File("E:/java/hello");
InputStream f = new FileInputStream(f);
Useful methods of InputStream:
Method |
Description |
1) public abstract int
read()throws IOException |
reads the next byte of
data from the input stream. It returns -1 at the end of the file. |
2) public int available()throws
IOException |
returns an estimate of
the number of bytes that can be read from the current input stream. |
3) public void
close()throws IOException |
is used to close the
current input stream. |
Output
streams write data to an output source. An output source can be anything that
can contain data: a file, a string, or memory.
The OutputStream class is used to write data that can then be read by an
input stream. The OutputStream class defines a programming interface for
writing bytes or arrays of bytes to the stream and flushiing the stream. Like
an input stream, an output stream is automatically opened when you create it.
OutputStream f = new
FileOutputStream("C:/java/hello")
File f = new
File("C:/java/hello");
OutputStream f = new
FileOutputStream(f);
Useful
methods of OutputStream:
Method |
Description |
1) public void
write(int)throws IOException |
is used
to write a byte to the current output stream. |
2) public void
write(byte[])throws IOException |
is used
to write an array of byte to the current output stream. |
3) public void
flush()throws IOException |
flushes
the current output stream. |
4) public void
close()throws IOException |
is used
to close the current output stream. |
Ex:
import java.io.*;
public class fileStreamTest {
public
static void main(String args[]) {
try {
byte
bWrite [] = {11,21,3,40,5};
OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("test.txt");
for(int x = 0; x < bWrite.length ; x++) {
os.write( bWrite[x] ); // writes
the bytes
}
os.close();
InputStream
is = new FileInputStream("test.txt");
int
size = is.available();
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
System.out.print((char)is.read() + " ");
}
is.close();
} catch
(IOException e) {
System.out.print("Exception");
}
}
}
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